Improperly named lead after the metal nibs which pencils replaced in the 17 th century, graphite is the most commonly used drawing media.

The first leads were made at the end of the 18 th century from a mixture of graphite, gum Arabic powder, resin and clay. Several brand names still dispute the paternity. This revolutionary invention lead to the industrial production of leads of consistent strength and predefined grades which consequently allowed varying artistic effects, depending on the choice of paper.

Graphite is available in three forms: powder (black lead), pencils, leads of different diameters for mechanical pencils, or with a varnish protection.

Lines are shiny black, more or less precise depending on the hardness and diameter of the lead.

Graphite can be used on all types of paper. Paper with no or very little grain is used for subtle effects and precise drawing; or a more pronounced grain to depict mass and volume effects typical of sketching.

It can be easily erased from smooth surfaces but heavy graphite applications must be fixed.

It is not recommended for use with charcoal, or red chalk as they can not be layered.